Peters



I @uiten 'gieten getint @ffice Letters Patent No. 78,046, dated Mag/.19, 1868.

minoren PAVEMENT; y t

' foto Stlubnlctiene mit itin man zint mit nuttig part nt its time.

To ALL wnoM IT MAY ooNonIiNfr i y Be it known that I, WII'iLIAiu' WL BYINGTON, ot' Chicago, in the county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useiul Improvement/,in Pavements; and -I do hereby declare the-following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is :in isometrical view ot'wmy pavement partially complet-ed.

Figure 2 is a vertical section ofthe same in the 'directienof the street, the pavement being exhibited as completed. v

My invention relates to that class of pavements known as-wood pavements,l buteonsisting of a eo1nbination of wood and concrete, and my invention, Yas .secured in thislpatent, consists in an improved manner of' arranging and securing the wood blocks upon the foundation, so as to 'secure the following-namedadvantages;

i First, prevention ot"lateral movement uponthe foundation. i

Second, prevention nfl-the working out of any of the wooden parts. .i

Third, a dpth ofV concrete, nearly or quite equal to the height of the pavingbloclrs.

Fourth, a sncient foundation, with a. less expenditure of material.

Pavements ot` the kind above mentioned have usually beenl constructed as follows: First, asfonnvdationof boards has been laid upon the graded roadway. This lfoundation .consists of two thicknesses of boards laid'transverse to each other and nailed together. Upon said foundation ar-e arrangedrows of wooden blockspmade 'by `cutting four-inch planks, transverse to the grain, into lengths tlf-about eight inches. These rows extendfrom sideto side of the street, and have intervals of about one and one-fourth inch betweenV thero'ws. To insure uniformity of said intervals, as well'as.to facilitate the operation. of laying' the pavement, strips of: board are` used, said strips being in thickness equal to thewidtlrof the interval, and in width `about fonrrinches.- After `.placing*one row of blocks, one of said strips is placed with its side 4against the' sideof said row, and its lower edge resting upon the foundation. In' this position said strip is nailed feist'to the block', and perhaps to thefoundationfalso. Another row of blocks is thenarranged against said strip and nailed, and then another strip,'and' so on until the roadwayis covered. The pavement now presents a surface ofwood, crossed byn'arrowgrooves of four inches in depth and one and one-fourth inch in width. These grooves are filled with con.crete,oi' gra-vel or otherisimilar material, mixed with meltedpitcli, &c.

Pavements so construct-ed present several features marking va decicncy in excellence. First, the .stripsand blocks .become detached 'from the vfoundatigm, and, after a time, aire f'onpd to have moved thereon, so that the rows, which vivere originally straight, become curved.

Second, the 4strips themselvesA become detached, and work to the surfacegforcing the concrete ont of rthe grooves, Aand leaving the bloclgs loose at the bottom. y

Third, if the'strips remain in place there will be only a depthof 'QUY ,imhes subjet td Wear before the concrete will have disappeared, and it will be necessary to lay 4the pavement anew.-

All ot' theabove-mentioned defects are remedied the method of constructing a pavement which lha-ve invented, andwhich I willnow describe.

As in other *styles of pavement,I the roadway is tirst'to be graded and Ithe surface properly prepared to"` receive the foundation-boardarA which,` though not always necessary, I prefer to use. When" laying said foundation-boards they are arranged lengthwise ofthe street, single thick, and transverse boards D are placed beneath their butting ends, for the purpose of' properly breaking Ajoints, Vto prevent the sinking of said ends under heavy travel. vThe ends fthe boards A are arranged properly upon the CIOSSrbOYd D, and Securely nailed fast thereto.` l.

Inow arrange a rowof blocks, C C, fvhichfare made as 'above desoribed,`by cutting` plank of, say four 4inches thickness,or thereabouts, intolengths of from six to eightinches. These blocks C are placed edge to edge, and grain-.ends upward, as shown in g.'1, in a row extending from sidet'o s ipleof the street, or arranged diagonally thereto in patterns, or otherwise, as may be desired, and`ne2rt tosaidl row'ot blocks I firmly nail toA the foundation a plate'-board,'l3, say about'slx or six and ahalt inches in width, so` that the blocks C are in contact with the edge of said strip. l '1 I Previousto placing the plateB in position upon tb row of blocks, CU. When the plate B has been secured in position, then :mother row of blocks C C is placed against its other'edge, and so ou. v i In practice, the plates B, with rows of blocks, C C", attached, may be laid and secured before the4 blocks C C are arranged in place, the proper spaces for said rows of blocks being adjusted by using gauge-strips, which may bereinoved when the plates are' secured.

The mechanical details to be adopted are, however, unimportant, and the -orderrot operation may be raised to suit the requirements of the case.. V

The blocks C C are cut shorter than the blocks C, by as lnuch as the thickness of the plate B, so that when in position the tops ofthe rows C C C C willbe on the sanne plane. I repeat the above-described opera tion until the roadway has been covered, ach alternate rowbeing` composed oi lonlgblocks, standing directly upon the foundation, and the intermediate rows, composed oi`-rshort blocks, standing upon the' plates B, and Y intervals of about one inch'in width between the rows of long and short blocks.v These intervals I fill with concrete, composed of broken sto-ue, gravel, sand, or other suitable 'niateriah mixed with hot pitch, asphnltum, or

otherproper cementing substance. l It will be perceived that a pavement, so constructed, enunot become detached from and more upon the foundation, because each alternate row Cis,l as it were, embedded in said foundation; that isl to say, said rows are conined at their lower ends by the transverse plates B, which at once serve to 'equalize the distance between the rows, facilitate the operation of laying the pavement, and retain the whole firmly in plucef No strips can p be displaced, and rise to the surface, so -as to displace the conerete,vand make the pavement loose at the bottom,

nor-ean the pavement creep upon the foundatiomiso'as to lengthen the rows, and, as theccncrete extends from the surface tothe bottom of tbe shorter blocks C', a distance of six or sevenl inches, my pavement may beworn down to a much greater degree, before becoming disabled; than any other now in use. v

It will also Abe perceived that there is lau economy of material, for whereas, in the common road-pavement hcreiubefore described, there is a thickness of solid wood extending from the 'surface of the. ground `upward about six inches, and above that a thickness of about four inches of combined wood andV concrctein my pavement there is only a thickness of two inches of wood, and a depth of wood and concrete of about seven inches,

subject to wear.

It would, of course, be desirable, where practicable,- to saturate all of the wood used 'in this pavement with some preservative substance or preparation, to render it impervious to water, and to prevent en chnlations from it in tva-rm weather.

If it is desired, the wooden portion of my pavement may he construetedqin sections, to b e arranged upon the road-bed wlied completed, and before the concrete is applied; to do so, requiring nothing more than the kin of ordinary mechanics.,

Having describedmy invention, what I claim as new, isv A foundation fora wood and concrete-pavement, formed with a. layer of boards, A, length-wise with the street, and alayer of plates, B, transverse, and nailed fast thereto, said plates being of equal widths, and with spaces between equal to thethicknes's of the blocks composing the wooden portion of `said pavement, substantially as described. J

The combination. oi' the foundation A B, cons'tructed'as described, with the blocks C undC, and concreteiilling, in the manner and for'the purpose herein set forth.

WM, W. BOYINGTON.

Witnesses:

Jos. S.Jonusrox, L. C. WELCH.

e foundation, I securely nail. to it, along its centre, a v 

